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Tier upgrades Phase 2 — quote logic + apply step

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Builds on 8ce78ab (Phase 1 schema). Pure module work — no HTTP
endpoints yet (those are Phase 3). Operator-invisible until Phase
3-5 wire up the buyer / admin / UI surfaces.

src/upgrades.rs:
- UpgradeQuote / TierDirection / EffectiveAt structs (serde-ready
  for the future endpoint).
- compute_upgrade_quote(state, license, target_policy) — the
  buyer-facing quote function. Enforces ladder rules:
    * both policies must have non-NULL tier_rank
    * sideways (same-rank) changes rejected — admin-only
    * cross-product target rejected
    * inactive target rejected
    * same-policy noop rejected
    * perpetual downgrades rejected (refund decision = admin-only)
    * recurring → perpetual downgrade rejected (admin-only)
- Branches on perpetual vs recurring:
    * Perpetual upgrade: flat (target - current) listed price diff,
      effective_at = Immediate.
    * Recurring upgrade: prorated (target - current) × days_remaining
      / period_days; effective_at = Immediate; surfaces
      next_renewal_charge for the buyer to see what they'll pay
      going forward.
    * Recurring downgrade: zero-charge today, effective_at =
      next_renewal_at (full current cycle at old price).
    * Free → recurring: full first-cycle price (no proration since
      "remaining value" of free is 0).
- record_tier_change — INSERT helper for the audit row.
- apply_tier_change — UPDATE helper that mutates the license row
  (policy_id, entitlements_json, expires_at, max_machines,
   grace_seconds, is_trial) and any tied subscription
  (policy_id, listed_value, period_days). Recurring → perpetual
  apply also cancels the now-orphaned subscription so the renewal
  worker stops touching it.
- get_tier_change / list_tier_changes_for_license /
  get_tier_change_by_invoice — read helpers (Phase 3 webhook
  handler will use the by_invoice variant).

tier_rank threading:
- models::Policy gains `tier_rank: Option<i64>`.
- POLICY_COLS + row_to_policy include tier_rank with try_get
  Option<i64> + flatten so NULL stays NULL (a valid state) and
  pre-0013 databases also resolve to None.
- repo::create_policy gets a `tier_rank: Option<i64>` param.
- repo::RecurringUpdate gains `tier_rank: Option<Option<i64>>`
  for nullable-patch semantics matching price_sats_override.
- CreatePolicyReq + UpdatePolicyReq accept tier_rank with the
  same shape; range-validated 0..=1000.

tests/upgrades.rs (8 new tests):
- perpetual_upgrade_quote_returns_flat_price_difference
- perpetual_downgrade_is_admin_only (rejection w/ helpful msg)
- quote_rejects_target_with_null_tier_rank
- quote_rejects_same_policy
- recurring_upgrade_prorates_against_time_remaining (asserts
  ~half-of-diff for ~half-of-cycle remaining; tolerance window)
- recurring_downgrade_is_zero_charge_at_next_cycle (verifies
  effective_at lands on next_renewal_at)
- apply_tier_change_mutates_license_and_subscription (Standard
  monthly → Pro annual changes max_machines, entitlements,
  expires_at, sub policy_id + listed_value + period_days)
- record_and_lookup_tier_change_round_trip

Test count: 66 (was 58; +8).
This commit is contained in:
Grant
2026-05-08 19:50:04 -05:00
parent 8ce78ab9d3
commit f8affdb11f
7 changed files with 1443 additions and 1 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files
licensing-service/tests/api.rs
+2
View File
@@ -2028,6 +2028,7 @@ async fn edit_policy_to_recurring_respects_tier_gate() {
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig::off(),
None,
)
.await
.expect("create_policy");
@@ -2137,6 +2138,7 @@ async fn seed_subscription(state: &AppState) -> (String, String, String) {
grace_period_days: 7,
trial_days: 0,
},
None,
)
.await
.expect("create_policy");
licensing-service/tests/upgrades.rs
+790
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,790 @@
//! Integration tests for tier upgrades — the quote logic + apply
//! step that lives in `src/upgrades.rs`. Phase 2 of
//! TIER_UPGRADES_DESIGN.md. No HTTP layer yet (Phase 3); these
//! tests exercise the pure module API.
use anyhow::Result;
use chrono::Utc;
use keysat::api::AppState;
use keysat::config::Config;
use keysat::db::repo;
use keysat::license_self::Tier;
use keysat::upgrades::{
apply_tier_change, compute_upgrade_quote, list_tier_changes_for_license,
record_tier_change, EffectiveAt, TierDirection,
};
use serde_json::json;
use sqlx::sqlite::{
SqliteConnectOptions, SqliteJournalMode, SqlitePool, SqlitePoolOptions, SqliteSynchronous,
};
use std::path::PathBuf;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::time::Duration;
use tempfile::NamedTempFile;
use tokio::sync::RwLock;
use uuid::Uuid;
const TEST_ADMIN_KEY: &str = "test_admin_api_key_with_at_least_32_chars_present";
async fn make_state() -> (AppState, NamedTempFile) {
let tmp = NamedTempFile::new().expect("tempfile");
let url = format!("sqlite://{}", tmp.path().display());
let opts = SqliteConnectOptions::from_str(&url)
.expect("parse url")
.create_if_missing(true)
.journal_mode(SqliteJournalMode::Wal)
.synchronous(SqliteSynchronous::Normal)
.foreign_keys(true)
.busy_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5));
let pool = SqlitePoolOptions::new()
.max_connections(2)
.connect_with(opts)
.await
.expect("connect");
sqlx::migrate!("./migrations")
.run(&pool)
.await
.expect("migrations");
let keypair = keysat::crypto::keys::load_or_generate(&pool)
.await
.expect("keypair");
let cfg = Config {
bind: "127.0.0.1:0".parse().unwrap(),
db_path: PathBuf::from(":memory:"),
admin_api_key: TEST_ADMIN_KEY.to_string(),
btcpay_url: "http://btcpay.test".to_string(),
btcpay_browser_url: None,
btcpay_public_url: None,
btcpay_api_key: None,
btcpay_store_id: None,
btcpay_webhook_secret: None,
public_base_url: "http://keysat.test".to_string(),
operator_name: None,
};
let state = AppState {
db: pool,
keypair: Arc::new(keypair),
payment: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
config: Arc::new(cfg),
self_tier: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Tier::Unlicensed {
reason: "test".into(),
})),
rates: keysat::rates::RateCache::new(),
};
(state, tmp)
}
/// Seed a USD-priced product, two perpetual policies (Standard
/// rank 1 / $25, Pro rank 2 / $75), a license currently on
/// Standard. Returns (license_id, standard_policy_id, pro_policy_id).
async fn seed_perpetual_ladder(state: &AppState) -> (String, String, String) {
let product = repo::create_product(
&state.db,
"perp-ladder",
"Perpetual Ladder",
"",
25_00, // $25.00 (cents); price_sats backfill from product create
&json!({}),
)
.await
.expect("create_product");
// Update product to USD currency. create_product hits the SAT
// default; bump it via a direct SQL UPDATE so the test setup
// doesn't require going through the multi-currency admin path.
sqlx::query(
"UPDATE products SET price_currency = 'USD', price_value = 2500 WHERE id = ?",
)
.bind(&product.id)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
// Standard tier: $25 perpetual, rank 1.
let standard = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Standard",
"standard",
0, // perpetual
0,
1,
false,
Some(2500), // $25.00 in cents
&["core".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig::off(),
Some(1),
)
.await
.expect("create standard");
// Pro tier: $75 perpetual, rank 2, more entitlements.
let pro = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Pro",
"pro",
0,
0,
3,
false,
Some(7500), // $75.00 in cents
&["core".into(), "ai_summaries".into(), "export".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig::off(),
Some(2),
)
.await
.expect("create pro");
// Issue a license under Standard.
let license_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
repo::create_license(
&state.db,
&license_id,
&product.id,
None,
&Utc::now().to_rfc3339(),
&json!({}),
Some(&standard.id),
None, // perpetual
0,
1,
&["core".to_string()],
false,
None,
None,
)
.await
.expect("create_license");
(license_id, standard.id, pro.id)
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn perpetual_upgrade_quote_returns_flat_price_difference() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let (license_id, _standard_id, pro_id) = seed_perpetual_ladder(&state).await;
let license = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let pro = repo::get_policy_by_id(&state.db, &pro_id).await.unwrap().unwrap();
let quote = compute_upgrade_quote(&state, &license, &pro).await.unwrap();
assert_eq!(quote.direction, TierDirection::Upgrade);
assert_eq!(quote.listed_currency, "USD");
// Pro $75 - Standard $25 = $50 = 5000 cents.
assert_eq!(quote.proration_charge_value, 5000);
assert_eq!(quote.effective_at, EffectiveAt::Immediate);
// Perpetual: no next-cycle charge.
assert_eq!(quote.next_renewal_charge, None);
assert_eq!(quote.next_renewal_period_days, None);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn perpetual_downgrade_is_admin_only() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let (_lic, standard_id, pro_id) = seed_perpetual_ladder(&state).await;
// Re-issue a license, but on Pro this time, so we can attempt
// a Pro → Standard downgrade (which should be rejected).
let license_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
let now = Utc::now().to_rfc3339();
let pro = repo::get_policy_by_id(&state.db, &pro_id).await.unwrap().unwrap();
repo::create_license(
&state.db,
&license_id,
&pro.product_id,
None,
&now,
&json!({}),
Some(&pro.id),
None,
0,
3,
&["core".to_string()],
false,
None,
None,
)
.await
.unwrap();
let license = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let standard = repo::get_policy_by_id(&state.db, &standard_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let err = compute_upgrade_quote(&state, &license, &standard)
.await
.expect_err("perpetual downgrade should be rejected");
let msg = format!("{err}");
assert!(
msg.contains("admin-only"),
"perpetual downgrade error must mention admin-only path: {msg}"
);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn quote_rejects_target_with_null_tier_rank() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let (license_id, _, _) = seed_perpetual_ladder(&state).await;
// Make a target policy that DELIBERATELY has tier_rank = NULL.
let license = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let unlisted = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&license.product_id,
"Promo",
"promo",
0,
0,
1,
false,
Some(5000),
&["core".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig::off(),
None, // out of ladder
)
.await
.unwrap();
let err = compute_upgrade_quote(&state, &license, &unlisted)
.await
.expect_err("unlisted target should be rejected");
let msg = format!("{err}");
assert!(
msg.contains("not in any tier ladder"),
"expected ladder rejection; got: {msg}"
);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn quote_rejects_same_policy() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let (license_id, standard_id, _) = seed_perpetual_ladder(&state).await;
let license = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let same = repo::get_policy_by_id(&state.db, &standard_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let err = compute_upgrade_quote(&state, &license, &same)
.await
.expect_err("same-policy target should be rejected");
assert!(format!("{err}").contains("same as current"));
}
/// Recurring upgrade with the buyer halfway through a 30-day cycle.
/// The quote should bill ~half of the price diff. We assert a
/// tolerance window since "now" depends on test execution time.
#[tokio::test]
async fn recurring_upgrade_prorates_against_time_remaining() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let now = Utc::now();
let now_str = now.to_rfc3339();
// USD-priced product.
let product = repo::create_product(
&state.db,
"rec-ladder",
"Recurring Ladder",
"",
2500,
&json!({}),
)
.await
.unwrap();
sqlx::query(
"UPDATE products SET price_currency = 'USD', price_value = 2500 WHERE id = ?",
)
.bind(&product.id)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
// Standard $25/mo monthly recurring, rank 1.
let standard = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Standard",
"standard",
30 * 86_400,
0,
1,
false,
Some(2500),
&["core".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig {
is_recurring: true,
renewal_period_days: 30,
grace_period_days: 7,
trial_days: 0,
},
Some(1),
)
.await
.unwrap();
// Pro $75/mo monthly recurring, rank 2.
let pro = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Pro",
"pro",
30 * 86_400,
0,
3,
false,
Some(7500),
&["core".into(), "ai_summaries".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig {
is_recurring: true,
renewal_period_days: 30,
grace_period_days: 7,
trial_days: 0,
},
Some(2),
)
.await
.unwrap();
// License + active subscription on Standard, ~15 days into a
// 30-day cycle.
let license_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
repo::create_license(
&state.db,
&license_id,
&product.id,
None,
&now_str,
&json!({}),
Some(&standard.id),
Some(&(now + chrono::Duration::days(30)).to_rfc3339()),
0,
1,
&["core".to_string()],
false,
None,
None,
)
.await
.unwrap();
let next_renewal = (now + chrono::Duration::days(15)).to_rfc3339();
sqlx::query(
"INSERT INTO subscriptions(id, license_id, policy_id, product_id, period_days, \
listed_currency, listed_value, status, started_at, next_renewal_at, \
consecutive_failures, created_at, updated_at) \
VALUES('sub1', ?, ?, ?, 30, 'USD', 2500, 'active', ?, ?, 0, ?, ?)",
)
.bind(&license_id)
.bind(&standard.id)
.bind(&product.id)
.bind(&now_str)
.bind(&next_renewal)
.bind(&now_str)
.bind(&now_str)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
let license = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let quote = compute_upgrade_quote(&state, &license, &pro).await.unwrap();
assert_eq!(quote.direction, TierDirection::Upgrade);
assert_eq!(quote.listed_currency, "USD");
assert_eq!(quote.next_renewal_charge, Some(7500));
assert_eq!(quote.next_renewal_period_days, Some(30));
assert_eq!(quote.effective_at, EffectiveAt::Immediate);
// Diff is $50 (5000 cents). 15 days remaining out of 30, so
// ~$25 (2500 cents). num_days() floors, so we expect 14 or 15
// days remaining depending on test-execution timing. Tolerance
// window: 2300..=2600.
assert!(
(2300..=2600).contains(&quote.proration_charge_value),
"proration should be ~half of $50 diff for ~15 days remaining; got {}",
quote.proration_charge_value
);
}
#[tokio::test]
async fn recurring_downgrade_is_zero_charge_at_next_cycle() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let now = Utc::now();
let now_str = now.to_rfc3339();
let product = repo::create_product(
&state.db,
"rec-down",
"Down",
"",
2500,
&json!({}),
)
.await
.unwrap();
sqlx::query(
"UPDATE products SET price_currency = 'USD', price_value = 2500 WHERE id = ?",
)
.bind(&product.id)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
let standard = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Standard",
"standard",
30 * 86_400,
0,
1,
false,
Some(2500),
&["core".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig {
is_recurring: true,
renewal_period_days: 30,
grace_period_days: 7,
trial_days: 0,
},
Some(1),
)
.await
.unwrap();
let pro = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Pro",
"pro",
30 * 86_400,
0,
3,
false,
Some(7500),
&["core".into(), "ai_summaries".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig {
is_recurring: true,
renewal_period_days: 30,
grace_period_days: 7,
trial_days: 0,
},
Some(2),
)
.await
.unwrap();
// License on Pro, with a sub. Buyer wants to downgrade to Standard.
let license_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
repo::create_license(
&state.db,
&license_id,
&product.id,
None,
&now_str,
&json!({}),
Some(&pro.id),
Some(&(now + chrono::Duration::days(30)).to_rfc3339()),
0,
3,
&["core".to_string()],
false,
None,
None,
)
.await
.unwrap();
let next_renewal = (now + chrono::Duration::days(20)).to_rfc3339();
sqlx::query(
"INSERT INTO subscriptions(id, license_id, policy_id, product_id, period_days, \
listed_currency, listed_value, status, started_at, next_renewal_at, \
consecutive_failures, created_at, updated_at) \
VALUES('sub2', ?, ?, ?, 30, 'USD', 7500, 'active', ?, ?, 0, ?, ?)",
)
.bind(&license_id)
.bind(&pro.id)
.bind(&product.id)
.bind(&now_str)
.bind(&next_renewal)
.bind(&now_str)
.bind(&now_str)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
let license = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
let quote = compute_upgrade_quote(&state, &license, &standard).await.unwrap();
assert_eq!(quote.direction, TierDirection::Downgrade);
assert_eq!(quote.proration_charge_value, 0,
"recurring downgrade should be zero-charge today");
// Effective at next renewal — full Pro through current cycle.
match quote.effective_at {
EffectiveAt::At(ref s) => assert_eq!(s, &next_renewal),
EffectiveAt::Immediate => panic!("recurring downgrade should defer to next cycle"),
}
assert_eq!(quote.next_renewal_charge, Some(2500));
}
/// apply_tier_change must update licenses (policy_id +
/// entitlements + max_machines + grace + expires_at) and, if a
/// recurring sub exists, the sub's policy_id + listed_value +
/// period_days.
#[tokio::test]
async fn apply_tier_change_mutates_license_and_subscription() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let now = Utc::now();
let now_str = now.to_rfc3339();
// Build a USD product + Standard/Pro recurring policies + a
// license + sub on Standard (basically the same scaffolding as
// the recurring-upgrade quote test).
let product = repo::create_product(
&state.db,
"apply-test",
"Apply",
"",
2500,
&json!({}),
)
.await
.unwrap();
sqlx::query(
"UPDATE products SET price_currency = 'USD', price_value = 2500 WHERE id = ?",
)
.bind(&product.id)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
let standard = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Standard",
"standard",
30 * 86_400,
0,
1,
false,
Some(2500),
&["core".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig {
is_recurring: true,
renewal_period_days: 30,
grace_period_days: 7,
trial_days: 0,
},
Some(1),
)
.await
.unwrap();
let pro = repo::create_policy(
&state.db,
&product.id,
"Pro",
"pro",
365 * 86_400, // annual entitlement window
0,
5, // bigger max_machines on Pro
false,
Some(75_000), // $750 / yr, paid annually
&["core".into(), "ai_summaries".into(), "export".into()],
&json!({}),
None,
0,
None,
repo::RecurringConfig {
is_recurring: true,
renewal_period_days: 365, // annual cadence
grace_period_days: 14,
trial_days: 0,
},
Some(2),
)
.await
.unwrap();
let license_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
repo::create_license(
&state.db,
&license_id,
&product.id,
None,
&now_str,
&json!({}),
Some(&standard.id),
Some(&(now + chrono::Duration::days(30)).to_rfc3339()),
0,
1,
&["core".to_string()],
false,
None,
None,
)
.await
.unwrap();
let next_renewal = (now + chrono::Duration::days(20)).to_rfc3339();
sqlx::query(
"INSERT INTO subscriptions(id, license_id, policy_id, product_id, period_days, \
listed_currency, listed_value, status, started_at, next_renewal_at, \
consecutive_failures, created_at, updated_at) \
VALUES('sub-apply', ?, ?, ?, 30, 'USD', 2500, 'active', ?, ?, 0, ?, ?)",
)
.bind(&license_id)
.bind(&standard.id)
.bind(&product.id)
.bind(&now_str)
.bind(&next_renewal)
.bind(&now_str)
.bind(&now_str)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
let product_full = repo::get_product_by_id(&state.db, &product.id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
apply_tier_change(&state.db, &license_id, &pro, &product_full)
.await
.expect("apply_tier_change");
// License now reflects Pro's policy_id, entitlements, max_machines.
let license_after = repo::get_license_by_id(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(license_after.policy_id.as_deref(), Some(pro.id.as_str()));
assert_eq!(license_after.max_machines, 5);
assert!(license_after.entitlements.contains(&"ai_summaries".to_string()));
assert!(license_after.entitlements.contains(&"export".to_string()));
assert!(license_after.expires_at.is_some(), "annual Pro should set expires_at");
// Subscription now reflects Pro's policy_id, $750 listed_value,
// 365-day period.
let (pol_id, val, period): (String, i64, i64) = sqlx::query_as(
"SELECT policy_id, listed_value, period_days FROM subscriptions WHERE id = 'sub-apply'",
)
.fetch_one(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(pol_id, pro.id);
assert_eq!(val, 75_000);
assert_eq!(period, 365);
}
/// record_tier_change writes the audit row, and
/// list_tier_changes_for_license / get_tier_change_by_invoice
/// surface it back. Round-trips the data we'd write at settle time.
#[tokio::test]
async fn record_and_lookup_tier_change_round_trip() {
let (state, _tmp) = make_state().await;
let (license_id, standard_id, pro_id) = seed_perpetual_ladder(&state).await;
// Seed a placeholder invoice so the FK on tier_changes.invoice_id
// can succeed.
let invoice_id = Uuid::new_v4().to_string();
sqlx::query(
"INSERT INTO invoices(id, btcpay_invoice_id, product_id, amount_sats, \
checkout_url, status, created_at, updated_at, listed_currency, \
listed_value, policy_id) \
VALUES(?, ?, (SELECT product_id FROM licenses WHERE id = ?), 0, \
?, 'pending', ?, ?, 'USD', 5000, ?)",
)
.bind(&invoice_id)
.bind(format!("test-inv-{}", &invoice_id[..8]))
.bind(&license_id)
.bind("http://test.invalid/inv")
.bind(Utc::now().to_rfc3339())
.bind(Utc::now().to_rfc3339())
.bind(&pro_id)
.execute(&state.db)
.await
.unwrap();
let id = record_tier_change(
&state.db,
&license_id,
&standard_id,
&pro_id,
TierDirection::Upgrade,
"USD",
5000,
Some(&invoice_id),
&Utc::now().to_rfc3339(),
"buyer",
Some("user clicked upgrade in app"),
)
.await
.expect("record_tier_change");
// list_for_license returns the row.
let history = list_tier_changes_for_license(&state.db, &license_id)
.await
.unwrap();
assert_eq!(history.len(), 1);
assert_eq!(history[0].id, id);
assert_eq!(history[0].direction, "upgrade");
assert_eq!(history[0].proration_charge_value, 5000);
assert_eq!(history[0].listed_currency, "USD");
assert_eq!(history[0].invoice_id.as_deref(), Some(invoice_id.as_str()));
// get_by_invoice round-trips too.
let by_inv = keysat::upgrades::get_tier_change_by_invoice(&state.db, &invoice_id)
.await
.unwrap()
.expect("found by invoice");
assert_eq!(by_inv.id, id);
}